Literature related to the conceptualisation of the ‘Collective-Individual’

The article Collective or Individual—Why Not Both? by Dr. Inez Fainga'a-Manu Sione, Dr. Dion Enari, and Dr. Glenda Stanley challenges the rigid dichotomy between collectivism and individualism by introducing the concept of "collective-individuals." They argue that Pacific peoples often embody both—carrying individual agency while remaining deeply accountable to their collective identities, relationships, and communities. This dual identity is shaped by migration, diaspora, and cultural negotiation, especially in Western contexts.

This concept is important for PARC's work because it reflects the lived realities of Pacific academics who must navigate institutional expectations while staying rooted in community values. Recognising "collective-individuals" allows PARC to design research approaches, support systems, and leadership models that affirm both personal and communal cultural responsibilities.

Enari, D., & Faleolo, R. (2020). Pasifika collective well-being during the COVID-19 crisis: Samoans and Tongans in Brisbane. Journal of Indigenous Social Development, 9(3), 110-126

Fainga’a-Manusione, I., Stanley, G., & Enari, D. (2023). Collective or Individual-why not both?. Waka Kuaka: The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 132(1/2), 165-180

Faleolo, R. (2023a). Mobility justice: Tongan elders engaging in temporal trans-Tasman migration for caregiving duties. Australian Geographer, 54(4), 533-544.